Sumer (Sumerian: ki-en-gir “Land of the Lords of Brightness”, Akkadian: Šumeru; possibly Biblical Shinar was a civilization and historical region in southern Mesopotamia, what is now modern Iraq.
words from apocrypha:
shekel: 1/60 of a mina
ensi: (ishakku) Sumerian word for ruler of a city
abzu: (Babylonian Apsu) Root of the word "abyss"; underground sea
Agade: Lost capital of the Akkadian Empire; founded by Sharru-Kin (Sargon the Great); probably in or near Babylon; laid to waste by the Gutians
Amorites: (Amarru; Martu) A nomadic tribe that spoke a Semitic language
An: ("Heaven"; Babylonian Anu; Greek Uranus; Hindu Brahma) God of the Sky/Heaven; an enigmatic figure who makes decrees from his place in heaven but never ventures out
Annunaki: ("Those who came from Heaven to Earth"; Anunna)
Apsu: (abzu; Egyptian Nun; Greek Oceanus) Babylonian god killed by Ea (Enki); personifies the primeval waters that encircle the world
Aratta: Another name for Susa (Susin)
Ashur: (Babylonian Marduk, Anshar?) "Father of the gods"
Dilmun: (Bahrain; Biblical Eden) The Sumerian and Babylonian island of paradise where no one can age or get hurt
Dumuzi: (Babylonian/Canaanite Tammuz; Perisan Mithras; Egyptian Osiris; Greek/Egyptian Serapis; Egyptian/Phoenician Attis; Greek/Phoenician Adonis; Greek Dionysus; Greco-Roman Apollo; Roman Bacchus; Norse Odin) Shepherd god who is hung on a stake in the netherworld as a substitute for Inanna but rises in the spring to be replaced by his sister Geshtinanna; often given the title "Mother-Dragon-of-Heaven"
Bad-Tibira: A city in southern Sumer; it's temple to Dumuzi was called E-Mushkalamma or E-Mush
Dumuzi the Fisherman: King of Uruk I; first ruler to wed the goddess Inanna in the Sacred Marriage Rite5
Dumuzi the Shepherd: King of Bad-Tibira before the Flood; first to be called Dumuzi
Elamites: (Iran) People living in the land east of Sumer and Akkad
Enlil: ("Lord-Air"; Akkadian/Babylonian Ellil; Canaanite El the Bull; Hurrian/Hittite Kumarbi; Egyptian Min; Greek Chronos; Roman Saturn; Hindu Shiva) God of the space between the earth and the sky (heaven); he plays a very active role on earth, and is usually the one to execute decrees made by An
Eridu: First town and temple said to be built in Sumer; it's temple to Enki was called E-Abzu ("House of the Abyss") or E-A ("House of Water")
Gilgamesh: ("Gilga the Hero") A Hercules-like hero goes on many adventures; he ruled Uruk I around 2650 B.C. and was said to have become one of the judges in the netherworld after he died
Gutians: Barbarous mountain people to the east who overwhelmed Sumer towards the end of the of the second millenium B.C.
Hammurabi: Babylonian king who united all of Babylonia into an empire; famous for his law code that includes the "Eye for an eye" law
Hurrians: A people who lived in Northern Syria and were eventually conquered by the Hittites
Hursag: neabs "Highland"
Lebanon means "Land of the Living" or "Land of Life"
Inanna: ("Queen of Heaven"; Ice Age 'Willendorf Venus'; Babylonian Ishtar; Assyrian Mylitta; Caananite Asherah, Astarte; Biblical "Lady of Shame" Ashtoreth; Egyptian Hathor; Greek Aphrodite; Roman Venus; Norse Ostara; Saxon Eostre) Goddess of the morning star and Utu's twin sister; goddess of love and fertility as well as the goddess of war; she and Dumuzi are the principle deities involved in the Sacred Marriage Rite
Ki: (Greek Gaea; Roman Terra) Mother Earth; unless Ninmah is an incarnation of her, she takes no personal role other than giving birth to the gods
Lilith: (Lilitu) A female wind demon or succubus who causes children to die suddenly; Adam's first wife in Jewish legend
mina: A measure of weight; about a pound
Nammu: (Babylonian Tiamat; Egyptian Neith) Goddess of the primeval sea which surrounds heaven with saltwater; she gives birth to the first humans
Nebuchadnezzar: Chaldean (Neo-Babylonian) king who ruled over Babylon (Sumer and Akkad) in the 700s B.C.; he laid siege to Jerusalem and destroyed the First Temple, built by King Schlomo (aka Solomon); he then enslaved the people of Judah and took them back with him to Babylon (2 Kings 25)
nephilim: Hebrew word translated as "giants" in most bibles; the Book of 1 Enoch describes them as being the offspring of the "Watchers", or angels; it is said that 200 of the Watchers made a pact and came down to the earth, impregnated human women, and taught their children the corruptions of the world such as warfare, makeup, and magic
Nimrod: (Akkadian Sharru-Kin) Biblical emperor in Genesis 10:8-12; "A mighty hunter before Yahweh"
Semitic: Designating a major subfamily of the Afro-Asiatic family of languages which include: Northeastern (Akkadian), Northwestern (Hebrew, Phoenician, Aramaic, etc.), and Southwestern (Arabic, Ethiopic, etc.); derived from Noah's son Shem ("Name"), who was said to be father of the Hebrews, Elamites, Assyrians and Arabians; commonly refers to the Jewish race
Sharru-Kin: ("Legitimate-King"; Biblical Nimrod, Sargon) A former cup bearer to Ur-Zababa of Kish; he defeated Lugal-Zagesi to take over a unified Sumer and Akkad; founded the Akkadian Empire, centered in the lost city of Agade
Sharru-Kin II: (721-705 B.C.) An Assyrian king who made Ninevah his capital; derived from a translation in the book of Isaiah
Su: A people who helped the Elamites put an end to Ur
tehom: Hebrew word for the primeval ocean; translated "deep" in the Bible
Tidnum: Semitic land west of Sumer
tohu: (tehom) Hebrew word for formless
Torah: The first five books of the Bible: Beresheet ("In the Beginning"; Genesis), Shemot (Exodus), Va-Yikra ("And He Called"; Leviticus), Bamidbar ("In the Desert"; Numbers), and Devarim ("Words"; Deuteronomy); traditionally believed to have been dictated directly to Moshe (Moses) by God
Yahweh: ("I am that I am") Proper name of the God of Israel and Judah; mistranslated by Christians as "Jehovah"; translated "the LORD" in the Bible; Jews use the word "Adonai" ("Lord") instead when reading scripture aloud so as not to take the name in vain; Many Jews will not even write the words "Yahweh" or "God" on paper in case it is thrown away or otherwise destroyed
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